Explosion Welding Technology
Explosion welding is used both as a weld cladding process as well as a joining process. It is mastered and used by many companies around the world.
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Process Description
The EXW cladding process uses the energy of an explosive detonation to create a metallurgical weld between metals. In preparation, the cladding and base metal mating surfaces are ground and then fixtured parallel at a precise spacing. A measured quantity of a specifically formulated explosive is placed on the cladding metal surface. The detonation front travels uniformly across the surface from initiation. The cladding metal beneath the detonating explosive is propelled to collide with the base metal at a specific impact velocity and angle. The resulting momentum exchange causes a thin layer of material to be spalled from the mating surfaces preceding the collision point. An energetic “jet” comprised of the spalled materials ejects metal oxides and surface debris as the detonation front progresses. The mating surfaces collide under pressure of several million pounds per square inch. The combination of surface cleaning and extreme pressure produces a continuous metallurgical weld. Electron microscopy shows a very thin layer (10-5 inch thick) of “micro-fusion” formed at the weld line. The explosion cladding process creates a high-strength, ductile, metallurgical weld completely over the entire surface. Although, the explosion generates intense heat there is insufficient time for the heat to conduct into the metals and no bulk heating occurs. Further, there are no changes in the metallurgical characteristics or specification compliance of the component metals.
Diagram of the pressure isobars developed at the collision point of the two metals as they collide in the explosion welding process.
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